Izixazululo Zebhetri Yebhayisikili Likagesi: Ukunika Amandla Uhambo Lwakho Ngempumelelo

Inguquko yamabhayisikili kagesi ishintshe indlela abantu abahamba ngayo emadolobheni, inikeza indlela evikela imvelo, engabizi kakhulu, futhi elula uma iqhathaniswa nezinto zokuhamba ezijwayelekile. Enhliziyweni yawo wonke amabhayisikili kagesi kukhona ibhetri yalo, ingxenye enquma ubude bohambo, ukusebenza, ukwethembeka, kanye nolwazi lonke lokugibela. Ngaphandle kwesixazululo esiqinile sebhetri yamabhayisikili kagesi, ngisho nebhayisikili kagesi eliklanywe kahle kakhulu alikwazi ukuletha amandla nokungaguquguquki okulindelwe abagibeli. Noma ngabe ungumqhubi wezimoto eziningi, umkhiqizi, noma umgibeli wansuku zonke, ukuqonda ubuciko bobuchwepheshe bamabhetri, izinhlelo zokuphatha, kanye nemikhuba yokushaja kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sihlola zonke izici ezibalulekile zamabhetri amabhayisikili kagesi, kusukela ezinhlotsheni zamakhemikhali nemibandela yokukhetha kuya ezintweni zokuphepha nokusungula okusha, sikunikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi ugcine ukugibela kwakho kuhamba kahle, kuphephile, futhi kusebenza kahle.

Ibhayithiri ye-electric bike ishintshe kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ngama-chemistry ahlukene anikeza ukulinganisela okuhlukile ekuminyaneni kwamandla, isisindo, izindleko, nokuphila komjikelezo. Ama-lithium-ion batteries abusa imakethe yanamuhla ye-e-bike ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, isisindo esincane, nokusebenza kahle komjikelezo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwezixazululo ze-e-bike battery namuhla. Ngaphakathi komndeni we-lithium-ion, umehluko onjenge-lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) ne-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) unikeza izinzuzo ezithile; i-NMC inikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu ukuze kube nebanga elide, kuyilapho i-LFP iletha ukuzinza okushisayo okuphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside kwezinhlelo ezidingayo. Ama-lead-acid batteries, ayekade evamile kumamodeli okuqala e-e-bike, manje asephelelwe yisikhathi ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile ngenxa yokuthi asinda, anokuminyana kwamandla okuphansi, futhi ahlupheka ngokuphila komjikelezo omfushane, nakuba esekhona kwezinye izimoto ezigxile kubudlwangudlwangu noma ezinesivinini esiphansi ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi zokuqala. Ubuchwepheshe obusafufukayo obufana ne-solid-state batteries nama-sodium-ion cells buthembisa ukuphinda buchaze imboni yezixazululo ze-e-bike battery ngokunikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu nakakhulu, amandla okushaja asheshayo, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Emabhizinisini ahlola izinketho zebhayithiri, kubalulekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela intengo yokuqala, kodwa nezindleko zokunikwa, okuhlanganisa imvamisa yokushintshwa, umthelela wesisindo ekwakhiweni kwemoto, nokuhambisana nengqalasizinda ekhona yokushaja.

Uma kukhethwa ikhemistri yebhethri kusetshenziswa okuqondile se-ebike, abakhiqizi kumele bacabangele izici ezifana nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, izinga lokukhishwa kwamandla, nokuthobela imithetho. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion avame ukusebenza kahle ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa kodwa adinga ukuphathwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuvimbela ukushisa okungalawuleki, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lead-acid ethethelela kakhulu emakhazeni amakhulu kodwa ewohloka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwemijikelezo ejulile yokukhishwa kwamandla. Umkhuba wokuthi kusetshenziswe amasistimu amandla aphezulu, njengamapulatifomu e-48V kanye ne-52V, uqhubekisele phambili ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion ngoba lezi zikhemistri zingakwazi ukusekela ukukhishwa kwamandla okuphezulu ngaphandle kokwehla kwamandla ngokweqile. Ezinkambisweni zokuhamba ngokuhlanganyela nasezinkambisweni zokushintshanisa amabhethri, lapho amabhethri eshajwa futhi ekhishwa njalo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, amaseli e-LFP athole ukuthandwa ngenxa yomjikelezo wawo oqinile wokuphila nezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Njengoba imboni ithuthukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezindinganiso ezifanayo, ukuqonda amandla nokulinganiselwa kohlobo ngalunye lwebhethri kuba inzuzo yamasu kubahlinzeki bezinsiza nabaphathi bezimoto abafuna izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa zamabhayisikili kagesi kumakhasimende abo.

Ukukhetha ibhetri efanele ibhayisikili likagesi kuhilela ukulinganisa imingcele eminingi yobuchwepheshe ethinta ngqo ulwazi lokugibela, izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside komkhiqizo. Umthamo webhetri, okalwa ngama-ampere-hours (Ah) noma ama-watt-hours (Wh), unquma ukuthi ibhayisikili likagesi lingahamba ibanga elingakanani ngokushaja okukodwa; umthamo ophezulu uhunyushwa ukuthi ubanga ibanga elide kodwa futhi wandisa usayizi womzimba nesisindo, okuthinta ukuphathwa nokuphatheka kalula. I-voltage, evamise ukusukela ku-24V kuya ku-52V kumabhayisikili kagesi abathengi, ithonya amandla okukhipha enjini kanye ne-torque; amasistimu ane-voltage ephezulu ngokuvamile anikeza ikhono elingcono lokukhuphuka izintaba kanye nesivinini esiphezulu, okwenza afaneleke kumabhayisikili ezimpahla kanye namamodeli agxile ekusebenzeni kahle. Isisindo ngenye into ebalulekile okufanele icatshangwe—ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini akhiqiza amabhayisikili kagesi agoqekayo noma izimfucuza eziqashiswayo lapho abagibeli bevame ukuphatha amabhetri ukuze bawashaje—futhi amaphakethe e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile anesisindo esingangengxenye yesithathu kuya engxenyeni eyodwa kwezimbili zamaphakethe e-lead-acid alinganayo, enikeza inzuzo enkulu ekwakhiweni kwebhayisikili likagesi lonke. Ukuphila komjikelezo, okuchazwa njengenani lemijikelezo ephelele yokushaja nokukhipha amandla ngaphambi kokuba umthamo webhetri wehle ufinyelele ku-80% yenani lawo lokuqala, kuthinta ngqo izindleko zobunikazi kanye nemvamisa yokushintsha; amaseli e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphezulu angaletha imijikelezo engu-500 kuya ku-1,000 noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezifanele.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zicaciso eziyinhloko, izici ezinjengamandla okukhipha amandla ngokuqhubekayo, amandla okukhipha amandla aphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokungena kwamandla kungaphakathi nakho kudlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kwangempela. Ibhetri engenamandla anele okukhipha amandla ingabangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa noma ukukhuphuka kwentaba, okuholela ekusebenzeni kancane kanye nokucisha okungenzeka kwesistimu. Emabhizinisini afaka amabhetri kumamodeli amasha ama-e-bike noma athuthukisa amapulatifomu akhona, kuyelulekwa ukuthi enze ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo zokulayisha ezilingisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isixazululo se-e-bike esikhethiwe sihlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe. Ukwengeza, ukuvalwa kwemvelo (isilinganiso se-IP) kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza kubalulekile kuma-e-bike asetshenziswa ezimweni ezinomswakama noma ezinzima, ngoba ukungena komswakama nokushaqeka komzimba kungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwamaseli futhi kudale izingozi zokuphepha. Ngokuhlola lezi zici ngokucophelela ndawonye, abakhiqizi nabaqhubi bezimoto bangakhetha amabhetri anikeza ibhalansi ekahle yobubanzi, amandla, ukuqina, nezindleko zezimo zabo ezithile zokusetshenziswa.

I-Battery Management System (BMS) iwubuchopho obuhlakaniphile ngemuva kwebhethri yonke yesimanje ye-lithium-ion ye-e-bike, ebhekele ukuqapha ama-voltage amaseli, ukulinganisa amazinga okushaja, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nokuvikela ekugcwalisweni ngokweqile, ekukhishweni ngokweqile, nasezifushaniso zikagesi. Ngaphandle kwe-BMS eklanywe kahle, ngisho namaseli asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu angahluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma abeke izingozi zokuphepha, okwenza le ngxenye ibaluleke kakhulu kunamaseli ngokwawo kunoma yisiphi isixazululo sebhayisikili likagesi esithembekile. I-BMS ilinganisa ngokuqhubekayo i-voltage yelungu ngalinye ngaphakathi kwephakethe, iqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli ahlala ngaphakathi kwefasitela lawo lokusebenza eliphephile; uma elinye iseli liphambuka kakhulu, i-BMS izolilinganisa ngokukhipha amandla engeziwe noma inqamule iphakethe ukuvimbela umonakalo. Izinzwa zokushisa ezibekwe ngobuchule ngaphakathi kwebhethri zivumela i-BMS ukuthi ibone ukushisa ngokweqile futhi yehlise umsinga wokushaja noma icime isistimu uma imikhawulo yokushisa yeqiwe, inciphise ubungozi bokushisa okungalawuleki. Amayunithi e-BMS asezingeni eliphezulu futhi ahlinzeka ngezindlela zokuxhumana ezifana ne-UART, i-CAN bus, noma i-SMBus, enika amandla ukushintshana kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela nesilawuli se-e-bike nesibonisi, enikeza abagibeli ukuqonda ngesimo sokushaja, ibanga elisele, nempilo yebhethri.

Izici zokuphepha zidlulela ngalé kokuvikelwa okuyisisekelo ukuze zihlanganise izindlela zokuvala eziphindaphindwayo, ukumbozwa okukhubazayo ukuze kumelane nomswakama, kanye nemiklamo yezixhumi eziqinile ezimelana nemijikelezo yokuhlanganisa ephindaphindwayo ezinhlelweni zokushintsha amabhethri. Ezindaweni zokuhamba ezabiwe lapho amabhethri ephathwa abasebenzisi abaningi futhi eshajwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingalawulwa, i-BMS enekhono lokubhala imininingwane ngokuphelele kanye nokubika amaphutha iba yimpahla ebalulekile ekugcineni ukwethembeka kwezimoto. Izinkampani ezinjengo Amandla Ka-Fujia sikhethekile ekuklameni nasekwenzeni okuthuthukile I-BMS yamabhayisikili kagesi, ama-e-moto, nezimoto ze-AGV, okuhlanganisa izici ezinjengama-algorithms okulinganisa okuzijwayezayo, ukuxhumeka kwe-Bluetooth ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, nokusekelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali amaseli. Emabhizinisini afuna isixazululo se-e-bike esiphelele, ukusebenzisana nomhlinzeki we-BMS onikeza ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ukuqinisekiswa, nokwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha nokusebenza kwakhelwe kuphakethe lebhethri kusukela ekuqaleni. Njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-e-bike kukhula emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlaka zokulawula ezifana ne-UN 38.3 ne-UL 2271 seziphenduke izinto eziphoqelekile kumaphakethe ebhethri, okuqhubeka kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwemiklamo ye-BMS eqinisekisiwe ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokuthobela umthetho.

Imikhuba efanele yokushaja ibalulekile ekwandiseni impilo yebhetri yanoma iyiphi i-ebhayisikili kagesi, futhi ukulandela izinqubo ezinhle kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokunakekela ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza okungaguquki. Enye yezincomo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukukhishwa okujulile; amaseli e-lithium-ion athola ingcindezi encane kakhulu uma egcinwa phakathi kuka-20% no-80% wezinga lokushaja, futhi ukukhipha ibhetri njalo kufinyelele ezirofini kusheshisa ukuncipha kwekhono layo. Ukusebenzisa ishaja efanele ehambisana ne-voltage ne-current specifications zebhetri kubaluleke ngokulinganayo—ishaja engahambisani ingashaja ngokweqile, ingashaji kahle, noma idlulise amandla amaningi ngokweqile, konke lokhu kulimaza amaseli futhi kuchithe iziqinisekiso. Ukushaja endaweni epholile, eyomile kuqhubeka kuvikela impilo yebhetri, ngoba amazinga okushisa aphezulu ngesikhathi sokushaja asheshisa ukuwohloka kwamakhemikhali futhi andise ingozi yokuvuvukala noma ukuphuma kwamagesi. Kubaphathi bezimoto eziningi namabhizinisi asebenzisa ama-ebhayisikili kagesi amaningi, ukutshala izimali kuma-smart chargers anezinhlelo zokushaja ezihlelekile namakhono okuxhumana kuvumela ukuqapha okugxilile futhi kuqinisekisa izinqubo zokushaja ezifanayo kuyo yonke imikhumbi.

Enye indlela ebalulekile ukugwema ukushiya ibhetri egcwele ngokugcwele ixhunywe kushaja isikhathi eside, ngoba ukushaja kancane kungadala ingcindezi ye-overvoltage kumaseli. Amashaja amaningi anamuhla, kuhlanganise nalawo anikezwa ngaphansi kwe-I-FUJIA CHARGER CATALOGUE, isici sokuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo noma izindlela zokulungisa ukuvimbela ukushaja ngokweqile ngokuqeda umjikelezo wokushaja lapho ibhetri ifinyelela emandleni aphelele. Ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya ukushintshana kwamabhetri noma ukuhamba okwabelwanayo, ukusebenzisa isheduli yokujikeleza evumela amabhetri ukuthi aphole phakathi kwemijikelezo yokushaja kusiza ukugcina ukulingana kokushisa futhi kwelula impilo yephakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza umjikelezo wokukhipha nokushaja ngokugcwele ngezikhathi ezithile (kanye njalo ngemijikelezo engu-20–30) kungasiza ekulungiseni kabusha isilinganiso se-BMS sokulinganisela kokushaja, nakuba lokhu kungadingeki njalo ngezinhlelo ze-BMS zesimanje ezinembile. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zinqubo ezinhle zokushaja emisebenzini yansuku zonke, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo sabo sezimoto zikagesi sihlinzeka ngobude obungaguquki nokwethembeka ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha, kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula ngezindleko zokushintsha.

Ngisho noma kunezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela, izinkinga zebhetri ye-e-bike zingavela, futhi ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlola kanjani futhi uzilungise kanjani kubalulekile ekwehliseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi nezingozi zokuphepha. Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ububanzi (range) okungazelelwe, okuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokungalingani kwamangqamuzana (cell imbalance) okubangelwa i-BMS ekhulile noma engasebenzi kahle, noma ngokushaja okuphindaphindiwe okungaphelele okuvimbela iphakethe ukuthi lifinyelele ekulinganisweni okugcwele. Okunye okukhononda ngakho njalo ukuthi ibhetri yehluleka ukushaja noma i-charger ikhombisa iphutha, okungase kube ngenxa yefuse yangaphakathi eshile, i-thermistor enqanyuliwe, noma ukugqwala kwezintambo zokushaja ngenxa yokungena komswakama. Abagibeli bangase futhi babhekane nokunqanyulwa kwamandla okungazelelwe ngesikhathi bejaha, okuvame ukubangelwa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi (voltage sag) ngenxa yamangqamuzana abuthakathaka noma i-BMS evuse ukuphepha kokugcwala kakhulu (overcurrent protection) ngenxa yokuthi amandla ebhetri okukhipha umsinga esengasafani nesidingo senjini. Ukuvuvukala noma ukuqunjelwa kwegunya lebhetri kuyinkinga enkulu yokuphepha ekhombisa ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana noma ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ngaphakathi, okudinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha nokulahlwa ngendlela efanele.

Kubhizinisi abaphethe izimoto zikagesi eziqashwayo (e-bikes), ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuthola nokulungisa izinkinga oluhlelekile oluhlanganisa ukuhlola amandla kagesi (voltage), ukubhala izinga lokushisa, nokuhlola i-BMS kungasiza ukuhlukanisa amabhethri anenkinga ngokushesha futhi kuvimbele ukusebenza okungaphephile. Izinkinga eziningi zingaxazululeka ngokubuyisela izixhumi endaweni yazo, ukuhlanza izindawo zokuxhumana nge-isopropyl alcohol, noma ukwenza ukulinganisa kabusha okujulile nge-deep-cycle ngaphansi kwesiqondiso somkhiqizi webhethri. Nokho, noma iziphi izimpawu zokulimala ngokomzimba, ukuvuza, noma amakhodi ephutha aqhubekayo kufanele kuholele ekushintsheni ngokushesha nasekubonisana nochwepheshe ofanelekile.Izinsiza zokusekelakubakhiqizi abathembekile abafana ne-Fujia Power banikeza imihlahlandlela eningilizi yokuxazulula izinkinga, amathuluzi okuxilonga, kanye nezingxenye zokushintsha ukuze kwenziwe lula inqubo yokulungisa. Ngokufundisa abasebenzi nabasebenzisi bokugcina ngokuqaphela izimpawu zokuqala zokuxwayisa nokulandela izinqubo ezifanele zokuphakamisa, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukunweba impilo yokusebenza yokutshalwa kwezimali kwesixazululo sebhayisikili likagesi ngenkathi zigcina izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha kulo lonke uhlelo lwezimoto.

Itheknoloji yamabhethri ama-e-bike elandelayo ibunjwa amabhethri asemqoka (solid-state batteries), okushintsha uketshezi olusemzimbeni (liquid electrolyte) olutholakala kumaseli e-lithium-ion avamile ngogesi oqinile we-ceramic noma we-polymer, okunikeza ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekuminyaneni kwamandla (energy density), ukuphepha, kanye nesivinini sokushaja. Amabhethri asemqoka angakwazi ukugcina amandla aphindwe kabili ngesisindo ngasinye uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli e-lithium-ion amanje, okwenza ama-e-bike akwazi ukuhamba ibanga elingaphezu kuka-150 kilometres ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi webhethri, okuwushintsho olukhulu ezinkambini zokulethwa kanye nabagibeli abahamba amabanga amade. Ngenxa yokuthi i-solid electrolyte ayivuthi, ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile (thermal runaway) icishe iphele nya, kubhekwana nenye yezinkinga ezinkulu zokuphepha embonini futhi kwenze lula ukwakheka kwezindawo zokuvikela kanye nezidingo ze-BMS. Ukushaja ngokushesha kungenye indawo yentuthuko esheshayo, ngezobuchwepheshe ezinjengamaseli e-silicon anode kanye nokwakheka kwe-electrolyte okuthuthukile okwenza ukushaja kuthathe imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 ukuthola ukushaja okungu-80%, uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso samanje samahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6. Lezi zinto ezintsha zizoba nomthelela omkhulu kumanethiwekhi okushintshana ngamabhethri kanye nezinkundla zokuhamba ezabiwe, lapho ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwemoto kuthuthukisa ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto kanye nemali engenayo.

Ukuhambisana nalezi ntuthuko zezinto zobuchwepheshe, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa okuqhutshwa isofthiwe okunikezwa ukuxhumana kwe-IoT kanye nokuxhumana kwefuukuhlaziya, okuvumela ukuqapha okukude kwempilo yebhethri, ukulungiswa okubikezelwayo, kanye nezinhlelo zokushaja ezilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zokusebenzisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuma-algorithms e-BMS kuthembisa ukulinganisa okunembe kakhudlwana kwesimo sokushaja kanye nokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo okufunda kudatha yangempela yokujikeleza. Emabhizinisini afuna ukuhlala eqhudelana, ukutshala izimali ezakhiweni zobambiswano lwezixazululo zezimoto zikagesi zesizukulwane esisha ezihlanganisa ukulungela okuqinile, ingqalasizinda yokushaja ngokushesha, namathuluzi okuphatha aqhutshwa yidatha kuzoba semqoka. I-Fujia Power, ngobubanzi bayo obubanziIKHATHALOGU YE-BMS YAKWA-FUJIA futhi igxile kubuchwepheshe be-BMS ehlakaniphile, imiswe kahle ukusekela lolu shintsho ngokunikeza izixazululo ezikhulayo ezixhumanisa amapulatifomu amanje e-lithium-ion nezinhlelo ezisafufusa ze-solid-state nezokushaja ngokushesha. Njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bukhula eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ezayo, imboni yama-e-bike izobona ukuthuthuka okungakaze kubonwe ekusebenzeni, ekuphepheni, nasekukhetheni komsebenzisi, okuqhubekisela phambili ukuguqukela ekuhambeni okusimeme emadolobheni.

Ukukhetha isixazululo esifanele sebhayisikili likagesi kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto zamabhetri, izindlela zokukhetha, izinhlelo zokuphatha, izinqubo zokushaja, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa—konke lokhu kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza, ukuphepha, nezindleko zokusebenza. Noma ngabe uthuthukisa imodeli entsha ye-e-bike, usabalalisa imikhumbi yokuqasha, noma uphethe umsebenzi wokulethwa komzila wokugcina, uhlelo lwebhetri olukhethayo luchaza ukwethembeka nokwaneliseka kwabasebenzisi bakho bokugcina. I-Fujia Power, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司, iletha ubungcweti beminyaka eminingi ekuklameni nasekukhiqizeni ama-BMS asebenza kahle kakhulu, ama-charger, nezixazululo zamandla ezihlanganisiwe ezilungiselelwe izidingo ezithile zama-e-bike, ama-e-moto, nezimoto ezinesivinini esiphansi. Uhlu lwabo olubanzi lwemikhiqizo, oluhlanganisa amamojula athuthukile e-BMS, ama-charger aphathwayo, nezinkundla zokuqapha ezisekelwe kufu, lunikeza amabhizinisi uhlelo oluphelele lokwakha nokugcina izixazululo eziqinile zebhayisikili likagesi. Ngokuhlanganisa ukulawula ikhwalithi okuqinile, izitifiketi, nokuzibophezela okujulile ocwaningweni nentuthuko, i-Fujia inika amandla abakhiqizi nabaqhubi bemikhumbi ukuthi bethule imikhiqizo ye-e-bike ephephile, esebenza kahle, futhi elungele ikusasa emakethe yomhlaba wonke. Hlola uhla lwabo olugcwele.imikhiqizo futhi uthole ukuthi ubuchwepheshe babo bungakwenza kanjani ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bakho bamabhayisikili kagesi bube ngcono.

Ukuze uhambe ibanga elide, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion enomthamo okungenani u-600Wh kuya ku-800Wh, ihlanganiswe ne-Battery Management System (BMS) esezingeni eliphezulu, inikeza isixazululo sebhayisikili likagesi esithembekile kakhulu. I-NMC chemistry inikeza ukuminyana kwamandla okungcono kakhulu ukwandisa ibanga, kuyilapho i-BMS enokulinganisa okusebenzayo iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki emijikelezweni eminingi. Ukukhetha umkhiqizi ohloniphekile onikeza amaseli aqinisekisiwe nezici zokuvikela eziqinile kubalulekile ukuze kube nokuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Amabhethri amaningi ebhayisikili likagesi e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphezulu ahlala phakathi kwemijikelezo engu-500 nengu-1,000 yokushaja ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokuthi umthamo wawo wehle ngaphansi kuka-80% walokho okucacisiwe ekuqaleni. Ngokuya ngokuvama kokusetshenziswa nemikhuba yokushaja, lokhu kuhumusha eminyakeni ecishe ibe mibili kuya kwemine yokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Ukuqapha ukwehla kwebanga nokubheka izimpawu ezinjengamandla anciphile okukhuphuka emagqumeni noma izikhathi ezinde zokushaja kungakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi kudingeka yini ukushintshwa.

Cha, ukusebenzisa ishaja engahambisani ne-voltage yebhethri yakho, i-current, kanye nohlobo lwe-connector kungadala ukushaja ngokweqile, ukushisa ngokweqile, noma ukulimala okungapheli. Hlala usebenzisa ishaja enconyiwe umenzi webhethri noma we-e-bike, kungcono kakhulu ishaja ehlakaniphile exhumana ne-BMS ukuze iqede ukushaja nge-voltage efanele. Ukusebenzisa ishaja engalungile kungase futhi kwenze iwaranti ingasebenzi futhi kudale izingozi zokuphepha.

Izici zokuphepha ezibalulekile zihlanganisa i-BMS enokuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short-circuit, kanye nokushisa; amaseli anesitifiketi se-UL noma se-UN 38.3; indawo eqinile, engangeni manzi; kanye nama-fuse noma ama-circuit breaker ezingeni lephakethe. Ama-BMS athuthukile aphinde anikeze ukulinganisa kwamaseli, ukuloga kokuxilonga, kanye nezixhumanisi zokuxhumana zokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, okubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimoto eziningi.

Ngokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside, shaja ibhethri libe cishe ku-50% kuya ku-60% wezinga lokushaja bese uligcina endaweni epholile, eyomile phakathi kuka-10°C no-20°C (50°F kuya ku-68°F). Gwema ukugcina ibhethri eligcwele ngokugcwele noma eliphelelwe amandla ngokuphelele, ngoba zombili lezi zimo ezimbi zisheshisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Hlola ibhethri njalo ngezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu bese ulishaja libuyele ezingeni lika-50% uma amandla kagesi ehle kakhulu.

Amaseli e-lithium-ion athola ukumelana kwangaphakathi okwenyukayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi, okunciphisa amandla asebenzisekayo futhi kungabangela ukwehla kwamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa. Lokhu kungumphumela wesikhashana—ibanga libuyela emuva lapho ibhetri lifudumala—kodwa kungancishiswa ngokugcina ibhetri endlini ngaphambi kokugibela nokusebenzisa isembozo sokufudumala. Eminye imiklamo ye-BMS nayo ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kokushaja emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukuvimbela ukulimala.

I-BMS iqapha futhi ilawule iseli ngalinye kuphekhi yamabhethri, iqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile ye-voltage, yamandla kanye nezinga lokushisa. Ilinganisa ukushaja phakathi kwamaseli, ivikela ekushajweni ngokweqile nasekushajweni ngokweqile, futhi ingakwazi ukuxhumana nedatha yesimo sokushaja kusibonisi se-e-bike. Empeleni, i-BMS ingumqaphi ovimbela ukulimala kwamaseli, enweba impilo yebhethri, futhi inciphise izingozi zomlilo noma zokwehluleka.

Ukushaja ngokushesha kuphephile lapho ibhethri, i-BMS, ne- charger ziklanyelwe ukusekela amandla aphezulu. Amaseli amaningi esimanje e-lithium-ion nama-unit e-BMS alinganiswa ngezinga lokushaja elingu-1C kuya ku-2C, okuvumela ukushaja okungu-80% phakathi nemizuzu engu-30–60. Nokho, ukushaja ngokushesha njalo kukhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi kungasheshisa ukuguga, ngakho kungcono ukukugcina ezimweni lapho ukuguqula ngokushesha kudingeka khona, kanti ukushaja okujwayelekile kusetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa okuvamile.

Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwebanga (ngaphansi kuka-60% kokuqala), ibhethri lithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukushaja, ukuvuvukala noma ukuqunjelwa kwekhava, amakhodi amaphutha avamile esibukweni, noma ibhayisikili lincipha umfutho lapho lisindwa. Uma usola inkinga, yenza ibhethri lihlolwe uchwepheshe; ibhethri elivuvukalile kufanele lishintshwe ngokushesha futhi lilahlwe ngendlela efanele.

Emkhakheni wokulethwa kwezimpahla, isixazululo esingcono kakhulu sebhayisikili likagesi sihlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla aphezulu (okufanele kube yi-LFP ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphila nokuphepha), i-BMS eqinile enekhono lokuqapha ukude, ingqalasizinda yokushintsha amabhethri noma yokushaja ngokushesha, kanye nama-charger ahlakaniphile azicisha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi onjengo-Fujia Power onikeza i-BMS ehlanganisiwe, ama-charger, namathuluzi okuphatha izimoto asekelwe kwi-cloud kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokuphelele zobunikazi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle.