Izisekelo Zohlelo Lwezimoto Zikagesi: Indlela Ama-EV Powertrains Asebenza Ngayo | Fujia Power

Imboni yezimoto zomhlaba wonke ibhekene noshintsho olukhulu kakhulu njengoba izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zishesha ukuthatha indawo yezimoto zendabuko ezinjini zokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Enkabeni yalolu shintsho kukhona uhlelo lwezimoto zikagesi, inethiwekhi ehlanganiswe kakhulu yezingxenye zikagesi neze-elektroniki ezisebenza ngokuvumelana okuphelele ukuze ziqhubekisele imoto phambili. Ngokungafani nezimoto ezijwayelekile ezincike ekushiseni kukaphethiloli nasekuxhumaneni kwemishini, uhlelo lwezimoto zikagesi luguqula amandla kagesi agcinwe kumabhethri abe ukunyakaza kwemishini ngenjini kagesi ngokusebenza kahle okuphawulekayo. Lolu hlelo akulona nje ingxenye eyodwa kodwa kunalokho ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhlanganisa iphakethe lebhethri, injini, isilawuli, indawo yokushaja, kanye nemishini yokulawula ukushisa. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinto zisebenzisana kanjani kubalulekile kubaphathi bezimoto, onjiniyela bezimoto, kanye namabhizinisi afuna ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe be-EV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokushesha lokusungula izinto ezintsha lisho ukuthi izinhlelo zanamuhla zezimoto zikagesi manje sezihlanganisa ama-algorithms athuthukile esofthiwe nokuxhumana kwefu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela. Ezinkampanini ezinjenge-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司 (Fujia Power), ezigxile ku-lithium battery BMS nezixazululo zokushaja, lolu hlelo lumele inselele kanye nethuba elingavamile.

Isistimu yemoto kagesi ingaqondwa njengobuciko bokuphatha amandla obuyela emuva lapho zonke izinhlelo ezingaphansi zixhumana nesikhungo esiphakathi sokulawula ngogesi emotweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Lobu ubuhlakani yibona obuhlukanisa uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokushayela ngogesi kusukela kumshini wanamuhla we-EV. Uhlelo kumele lukwazi ukuphatha ukusheshisa, ukuphinda kutholwe amandla ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, impilo yebhetri, kanye nezimo zokushisa ngasikhathi sinye kuyilapho futhi luxhumana nengqalasizinda yokushaja yangaphandle. Njengoba amabhizinisi amaningi eqala ukusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi futhi ohulumeni beqinisa izinhloso eziqinile zokukhishwa kwesisi esingcolisayo, isidingo sezistimu zikagesi ezithembekile, ezikhulayo, nezihlakaniphile siyaqhubeka sikhula ngesivinini esikhulu. Abahlaziyi bezimboni babikezela ukuthi imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-EV powertrain izodlula amakhulu ezigidigidi zamadola eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, iqhutshwa ukwehla kwezindleko zebhetri kanye nokwanda kwamanethiwekhi okushaja. Kwabathatha izinqumo abahlola ukwamukelwa kwe-EV, ukuqonda okujulile kwalezi zistimu akuseyona into ongayikhetha — sekuyisidingo esibalulekile.

Isistimu yemoto kagesi incike ezinsikeni ezintathu eziyisisekelo: ibhetri yokudonsa, injini kagesi, kanye nesilawuli senjini. Ibhetri yokudonsa, ngokuvamile iyiphakethe le-lithium-ion elilinganiswa phakathi kuka-400V no-800V, ligcina amandla ahambisa yonke imoto. Amaphakethe ebhetri anamuhla akhiwe ngamaseli ngamanye ayikhulu noma ayizinkulungwane ahlelwe ngezindlela zokuxhuma ezilandelanayo nezihambisanayo ukuze kutholakale amandla kagesi nomthamo ofiselekayo. Iphakethe lebhetri alikona nje kuphela indawo yokugcina amandla — lifaka phakathi iziteshi zokupholisa ezihlanganisiwe, izintambo zokuzwa amandla kagesi, kanye nohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokulawula ibhetri oluqapha isimo sezimali zamandla, izinga lokushisa, nempilo yalo lonke iseli. Lapha lapho umqondo we-EV BMS (Uhlelo Lokulawula Ibhetri Lemoto Kagesi) uba ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uqinisekisa ukuthi ibhetri isebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile futhi ifinyelela ubude besikhathi sokuphila obukhulu. Ngaphandle kwe-BMS eqinile, ubungozi bokushisa ngokungalawuleki, ukwehla komthamo, noma ukulahlekelwa amandla ngokuzumayo bukhula kakhulu, okwenza kube ngenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwemoto kagesi.

Imotor kagesi uguqula amandla kagesi abe i-torque ejikelezayo ukuze iqhube amasondo, futhi kumele ilethe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kulo lonke uhla olubanzi lwejubane. Izimoto eziningi zanamuhla ze-EV zisebenzisa ama-permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) noma ama-induction motors, ngalinye linikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ekuminyaneni kwamandla, izindleko, nokwethembeka. Isilawuli semoto, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-inverter, sisebenza njengobuchopho be-powertrain ngokuguqula i-direct current (DC) yebhetri ibe i-alternating current (AC) futhi silawule ngokunembile isivinini se-moto ne-torque. Lesi silawuli sixhumana njalo ne-pedal ye-accelerator, isistimu yamabhuleki, kanye ne-electronic control unit emotweni ukuze kulethwe ukusebenza okushelelayo kokushayela. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingxenye ezintathu kunquma ukushesha kwemoto, isivinini esiphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nolwazi lonke lokushayela. I-Fujia Power inikeza izixazululo ezibanzi ze-BMS eklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokushelela nalezi zingxenye ze-powertrain ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezimoto, kusukela kuma-e-bike kuya ezimotweni ezinesivinini esiphansi kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile zezimboni.

I-elekthriki powertrain isebenza ngomgomo ohluke ngokuphelele kunedrayivu yemishini, inezingxenye ezihambayo ezimbalwa kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqula amandla okuphakeme kakhulu. Uma umshayeli ecindezela i-pedal ye-accelerator, i-sensor ithumela isignali ku-motor controller, okusheshe idonse amandla ku-battery pack futhi ilethe i-current elungiselelwe ngokunembile kuma-motor windings. I-motor ikhiqiza i-magnetic flux ehlangana nama-permanent magnets noma ama-induced magnetic fields ukuze ikhiqize i-rotational torque, ebese idluliselwa nge-reduction gear emasondweni. Ngokungafani ne-internal combustion engines ezidinga ama-multi-speed transmissions ayinkimbinkimbi, izinhlelo eziningi zezimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa i-single-speed reduction gear ngoba ama-electric motors ahlinzeka nge-torque esebenzayo kusukela ku-zero RPM kuya kwisivinini esiphezulu. Yonke inqubo, kusukela ekucindezeleni i-pedal kuya ekujikelezeni kwesondo, yenzeka ngemizuzwana nokusebenza kahle okudlula u-90%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-25-40% we-injini kaphethiloli.

Ukusebenza kwe-regenerative braking kungenye yezici ezihlakaniphile kakhulu zohlelo lwezimoto zikagesi, okuvumela injini ukuthi ihlehlise umsebenzi wayo futhi isebenze njenge-generator ngesikhathi sokunciphisa ijubane. Lapho umshayeli ephakamisa unyawo ku-accelerator noma ecindezela amabhuleki, isilawuli siqondisa amandla ajikelezayo enjini emuva ebhokisini lebhetri, kubuyiselwa amandla e-kinetic obekuzolahleka njengokushisa. Lokhu kugeleza kwamandla okuvalekile kulawulwa ngokuqhubekayo yi-EV BMS, ekala umsinga wokushaja ofanele umabhetri angawamukela ngaphandle kokweqa imikhawulo ye-voltage noma yezinga lokushisa. Ezinye izinhlelo ezithuthukile zingakwazi ukubuyisela amaphesenti angafika kwangama-30 amandla e-kinetic emoto ngesikhathi sokushayela edolobheni, okwandisa kakhulu ubude bohambo. Ukuqonda ukugeleza kwamandla kwe-powertrain kubalulekile emabhizinisini ahlela ukushintsha izimoto zibe zikagesi, ngoba kuthinta ngqo izindleko zokunikela, izidingo zokushaja, kanye namasu okuhlela imizila.

Izinhlelo zezimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zamamotho, ngalinye linezici ezihlukile ezinomthelela ekusebenzeni kwemoto, izindleko, nokusebenza kahle. I-permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zanamuhla zabagibeli ezisebenza ngogesi ngoba inikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle, ngokuvamile idlula u-95% ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Lawa mamotho asebenzisa uzibuthe we-neodymium afakwe ku-rotor ukuze akhe indawo kazibuthe engaguquki, kususa isidingo sokuvuselela ngogesi nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla. Nokho, ukuthembela ezintweni ezingavamile zemvelo kwenza ama-PMSM abize kakhulu futhi athinteke ekushintshashintsheni kokutholakala kwezinto. Amamotho e-induction, adume ngamamodeli okuqala e-Tesla, asebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction ukuze akhiqize umsinga ku-rotor kanye nendawo kazibuthe, enikeza izindleko eziphansi nokuqina okukhulu kodwa kuncipha ukusebenza kahle kancane. Afaneleka kakhulu ukushayela emigwaqweni emikhulu ngejubane eliphezulu kanye nasezinhlelweni lapho ukubaluleka kwezindleko kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ama-axial flux motors amelela isigaba esisha esithola ukuduma ezinhlelweni ezithile ze-EV ngenxa yokuma kwawo okuyisicaba, okufana nediski, kanye nokuminyana kwe-torque okuhle kakhulu. Lawa ma-motor angahlanganiswa ngqo ku-wheel hub noma afakwe ngaphakathi ngesimo esihlangene esonga isikhala. Ama-switched reluctance motors, nakuba engavamile, anikeza enye indlela ehehayo ngoba awanawo ama-magnet futhi asebenzisa ama-steel laminations kuphela, okwenza abe qinile kakhulu futhi angaba nezindleko eziphansi uma esetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-motor ludinga i-algorithm ethile yokulawula ngaphakathi kwe-motor controller, futhi ukukhethwa kwe-motor kuthinta ngqo ukwakheka kwesistimu yonke yemoto kagesi, okuhlanganisa izidingo zokuphatha ukushisa kanye ne-voltage architecture. Emabhizinisini aklama noma akhetha ama-EV platforms, ukuqonda lokhu kushintshana kubalulekile ukuze kufaniswe i-powertrain nenjongo ehlosiwe, kungaba izimoto zabagibeli, ama-delivery vans, noma izimoto zezimboni.

Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kwebhethri (BMS) ngokungangabazeki luyisistimu ebaluleke kakhulu kunazo zonke kusistimu yezimoto zikagesi zanamuhla, njengoba lisebenza njengonogada wokuphepha, ukusebenza, nokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri. I-EV BMS yekhwalithi ephezulu iqhubeka iqapha amandla kagesi we-cell ngayinye, umsinga webhethri, kanye nezinga lokushisa emaphoyintini amaningi kuyo yonke imojuli yebhethri. Yenza ukulinganisa kwama-cell — kungaba okokwenziwa (ukuchitha amandla angeziwe njengokushisa) noma okusebenzayo (ukusabalalisa kabusha amandla phakathi kwama-cell) — ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi wonke ama-cell ahlala esezingeni elincane lamandla kagesi ngesikhathi kushajwa noma kukhishwa amandla. Ngaphandle kokulinganisa okufanele, ukwehluka kwamandla kagesi kuma-cell kungaholela ekwehleni komthamo osetshenziswayo, ukuguga ngokushesha, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukushisa okungalawuleki. I-BMS iphinde ibale isimo sokushajwa kwebhethri (SoC) kanye nesimo sempilo yebhethri (SoH), inikeze idatha ebalulekile kumshayeli kanye ne-electronic control unit emaphakathi emotweni ukuze kulinganiselwe ibanga nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza.

I-Fujia Power, esebenza ngaphansi kwe-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司, ithuthukise iphothifoliyo ebanzi yemikhiqizo ye-BMS elungiselelwe izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimoto zikagesi. Kusukela ku-I-BMS yama-E-bikes/E-motos/AGV vehicleskuya ezixazululweni zokushintshana ngamabhethri abiwe kanye nezinqola zegalofu, izinhlelo zazo zihlanganisa ama-algorithms athuthukile okuvikela ukushaja ngokweqile, ukunqanyulwa kwamandla aphansi, ukuvimbela ukufushane, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa. Inkampani i-IKHATHALOGU YE-FUJIA BMS inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe yomkhiqizo ngamunye, okwenza onjiniyela bakwazi ukukhetha ibhodi lokuvikela elilungile ngokuya ngokwakheka kwebhethri labo. Ama-BMS amanje nawo afaka izindlela zokuxhumana ezifana ne-CAN bus, UART, ne-Bluetooth, okuvumela ukuhlanganiswa okungenazinkinga nezilawuli zezimoto kanye namapulatifomu efu ukuze kuqashwe kude futhi kuhlaziywe idatha.

Uhlelo lwezimoto zikagesi luhle kuphela ngendlela ingqalasizinda elisekelayo enjalo ngayo, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokushaja sebuphenduke indawo eyinhloko yokusungula izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha wonke. Izinhlelo zokushaja zihlukaniswa ngokubanzi zibe ama-charger e-AC (i-alternating current) e-Level 1 ne-Level 2, kanye nama-charger asheshayo e-DC (i-direct current) angakwazi ukugcwalisa ibhetri lifinyelele ku-80% yomthamo ngesikhathi esingangemizuzu engu-20-30 kuphela. I-charger engaphakathi emotweni iguqula amandla e-AC angenayo abe yi-DC ukuze ayise ebhetri, kanti ama-charger asheshayo e-DC adlula i-charger engaphakathi futhi adlulisele amandla e-DC ngqo kuzintambo zebhetri. Inqubo yokushaja iqhutshwa yi-BMS, exhumana ne-charger ngamaphrothokholi ajwayelekile afana ne-CCS, i-CHAdeMO, noma i-GB/T ukuze ixoxisane ngemikhawulo ye-voltage, ye-current, neyezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuxhumana okuhlakaniphile kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhetri lishaja ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo wokuphepha walo.

Umqondo wobuchwepheshe be-car to grid (V2G) umele ushintsho olukhulu endleleni izinhlelo zezimoto zikagesi ezisebenzisana ngayo nomkhakha wamandla obanzi. Ekucushweni kwe-V2G, ibhetri ye-EV ingakwazi ukubuyisela amandla esigridini sikagesi ngezikhathi zesidingo esiphezulu, okushintsha ngempumelelo izimoto ezimile eziyizinkulungwane zibe inethiwekhi yokugcina amandla esabalalisiwe. Lokhu kugeleza kwamandla okuya nhlangothi zombili kudinga ama-charger nama-inverter akhethekile angaphakathi emotweni, kanye namakhono athuthukisiwe e-BMS ukuze kulawulwe imijikelezo eyengeziwe yokushaja nokukhipha amandla ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yebhetri. I-Fujia Power isekela lolu hlelo olusafufusa ngokusebenzisaInkundla yamafu, okwenza kube nokwazi ukuqapha nokuphatha izimpahla zamabhethri ukusuka kude kumanethiwekhi asabalalisiwe. Njengoba amazinga e-V2G evuthwa futhi izinkampani zikagesi zithuthukisa izinhlaka zamanani ezinsizakalo zegridi, amabhizinisi atshala imali ezinhlelweni zezimoto zikagesi ezisebenza ngazo zombili izinhlangothi azothola inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokonga izindleko zamandla nemithombo emisha yemali engenayo.

Ukuphathwa kokushisa kungenye yezinselelo ezinzima kakhulu ekwakheni uhlelo lwezimoto zikagesi oluthembekile, ngoba amaseli ebhetri, izinto zikagesi zamandla, nezinjini zikagesi konke kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi zisebenza. Amabhetri e-lithium-ion asebenza kahle kakhulu phakathi kwebanga lokushisa elincane, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-20°C no-40°C, futhi ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu kungasheshisa ukuwohloka noma kubangele izehlakalo zokuphepha. Izimoto zikagesi zanamuhla zisebenzisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ngoketshezi ezijikelezisa ingxube ye-glycol namanzi ngamapulangwe okupholisa abekwe phakathi kwamamojula amaseli ebhetri, zimunca ukushisa bese zikudlulisela ku-radiator noma ku-heat pump. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, umjikelezo ofanayo ungaguqulwa ukuze kufudunyezwe ibhetri ngaphambi kokuyishaja noma ukuyishayela, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle unyaka wonke. Isilawuli sokuphathwa kokushisa sixhumanisa ijubane lepompo, ukusebenza kwefeni, nezikhundla zamavalvu ngokusekelwe ekubuyekezweni kwezinzwa, kugcinwa wonke uhlelo lwamandla ezingeni lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza.

Imoto kanye ne-inverter nazo zidinga ukupholisa okusebenzayo, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa amalophu apholile ahlosiwe noma amasistimu okuthambisa ngamafutha akhipha ukushisa emazingeni okugoqa e-stator nakumadivayisi wokushintsha amandla. Ama-semiconductor amandla e-silicon carbide (SiC) aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimoto zikagesi zesizukulwane esilandelayo ngoba asebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kokushintsha, okunciphisa umthwalo wokupholisa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yonke. Imikhiqizo ye-BMS ye-Fujia Power ifaka iziteshi zokuqapha izinga lokushisa ezishumekiwe ezingaxhumana nabalawuli bangaphandle bokuphathwa kokushisa, zinikeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile. Kubaqhubi bezinqola, ukuqonda izidingo zokuphathwa kokushisa kubalulekile lapho bekhetha izimoto zokusebenza ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezibandayo, ngoba ukuphathwa kokushisa okunganele kunganciphisa ibanga lokushayela ngamaphesenti angu-30 noma ngaphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.

Isimo sobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi sithuthuka ngesivinini esikhulu, nezindlela ezimbalwa eziguqula umkhakha ezilungele ukubumba kabusha imboni eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ezayo. Amabhetri esimo esiqinile, afaka esikhundleni se-electrolyte ewuketshezi nge-solid ceramic noma i-polymer electrolyte, athembisa ukuphinda kabili ukuminyana kwamandla kuyilapho cishe eqeda ubungozi bomlilo, okungenza izimoto zikagesi zibe lula, ziphephe, futhi zithengeke kalula. Okwamanje, izakhiwo zikagesi ezingama-800V ngisho nangama-900V seziyinto evamile, zivumela ukushaja okushesha kakhulu okungangeza amakhilomitha angama-400 ebangeni ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15. Izinhlelo zokushaja ngokungenantambo (wireless inductive charging) zivivinywa ezimotweni zamatekisi naseziteshini zamabhasi, zivumela izimoto ukuba zishaje ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphandle kokuxhuma, okungaguqula ukusebenza kwezimoto ezizishayelayo. Le ntuthuko izodinga ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kobuchwepheshe be-BMS, okuhlanganisa amazinga aphezulu okuhlukanisa amandla kagesi, izimiso zokuxhumana ezisheshayo, namamodeli amabhetri ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu wokulinganisa isimo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-cloud computing ezinhlelweni zezimoto zikagesi kungenye yezinkambiso ezinkulu ezihambisana nombono we-Fujia Power wokuphathwa kwamandla ngobuhlakani. Ama-algorithms okufunda ngomshini angahlaziya idatha yomlando wokushayela, amaphethini okushaja, kanye nezimo zemvelo ukuze abikezele ukuwohloka kwebhethri futhi ancome izu lokushaja ezilungile ezelula impilo yebhethri. Ubuchwepheshe be-Car to Grid buzovuthwa kanye nengqalasizinda ye-smart grid, okunika amandla izimoto zikagesi ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ekulawuleni imvamisa kanye nezinhlelo zokusabela esidingweni ezidala inani elisha kubanikazi bezimoto. I-electronic control unit emotweni izoguqukela ekwakhiweni okuphakathi nendawo okugxile ezindaweni ezihlukene kanye namandla okuthuthukisa nge-over-the-air, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise ngokuqhubekayo ukusebenza kwe-powertrain futhi bangeze izici ezintsha isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba imoto ishiye ifektri. Kosomabhizinisi nonjiniyela, ukuhlala unolwazi ngalawa mikhuba kubalulekile ukuze benze izinqumo ezinengqondo zokuthenga nokuklama eziyohlala zifaneleka emakethe yezimoto zikagesi ekhula ngokushesha.

Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lwezimoto zikagesi lwezimoto zebhizinisi, umugqa womkhiqizo, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwazo zonke izingxenye nezinhlelo ezingaphansi esizihlolile. Kusukela kumakhemikhali ebhethri nohlobo lwenjini kuya ekuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-BMS nokuhambisana kwengqalasizinda yokushaja, zonke izinqumo zinomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zokunikwa impahla, ukuthembeka kokusebenza, kanye nomthelela wezemvelo. Izinhlangano kufanele zibeke phambili izinhlelo ezinobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe be-BMS obuvela kubakhiqizi abahlonishwayo abafana ne-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司, okuyinkampaniImikhiqizo ikhasi libonisa uhla olugcwele lwezixazululo ze-BMS nezishaja eziklanyelwe izinkundla ezahlukahlukene zezimoto. Inkampani IKHATHALOGU YAMA-CHARGER E-FUJIAInikeza izixazululo zokushaja eziphathwayo nezingangeni emanzini ezihambisana nomugqa wemikhiqizo ye-BMS, okwenza i-Fujia Power ibe uzakwethu ophelele wokuhlanganiswa kohlelo lwe-EV. Njengoba imboni ijaha ikusasa likagesi, ikhwalithi nobuhlakani bohlelo lwezimoto zikagesi okhetha lona namuhla kuzonquma isikhundla sakho sokuncintisana eminyakeni ezayo.

Sikhuthaza abaphathi bezimoto, abathuthukisi bemikhiqizo, kanye nabathatha izinqumo zobuchwepheshe ukuthi bahlole i-Mayelana Nathiikhasi lokufunda okwengeziwe ngobuchwepheshe beminyaka engu-17 ye-Fujia Power ekuphepheni kwebhethri ye-lithium kanye ne-electronics yamandla. Ngokubambisana nenkampani eqonda uhlelo oluphelele — kusukela ekuqapheni amaseli ngamanye kuya ekuphathweni kwemikhumbi ngamafu — amabhizinisi angakha izinhlelo zezimoto zikagesi ezingagcini nje ngokuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kodwa futhi ezilungiselelwe ikusasa ngenkathi yokuhlanganiswa kwemoto negridi, ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, namandla asimeme. Uhambo olubheke ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngohlelo olufanele lwezinhlelo kanye nabambiswane abafanele, luwuhambo oluholela ezindlekweni eziphansi, ekusebenzeni okuhlanzekile, nasekuncintisaneni okuhlala njalo.

Isistimu yemoto kagesi iyinethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe yezingxenye eziguqula amandla kagesi agcinwe ebhetri abe ukunyakaza komshini ukuze iqhubekisele phambili imoto. Iqukethe iphakethe lebhetri elinamandla aphezulu, injini kagesi, isilawuli senjini noma i-inverter, isistimu yokulawula ibhetri (EV BMS), kanye nezinto zokulawula ukushisa. Isistimu isebenza ngokudonsa amandla e-DC ebhetri, iwaguqule abe i-AC nge-inverter, bese isebenzisa leyo AC ukuze ishayele injini, ephendula amasondo ngokusebenzisa igiya lokwehlisa.

Uhlelo Lokulawula Amandla Ebhethri (EV BMS) lubalulekile ngoba luvikela iphakethe lebhethri ekushajweni ngokweqile, ekukhishweni kwamandla ngokweqile, ekushiseni ngokweqile, nasekufinyezweni kwemisinga kuyilapho liqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amaseli ahlala elinganiselwe. Luqhubeka luqapha i-voltage, i-current, nezinga lokushisa ezingeni leseli ngalinye, lubala isimo sokushaja nesimo sezempilo, futhi ludlulisele lolu lwazi kuyunithi yokulawula ephakathi emotweni. I-BMS yekhwalithi ephezulu inweba ngokuqondile impilo yebhethri, ithuthukise ukuphepha, futhi ikhulise ibanga lokushayela elisebenzisekayo.

Ukushaja nge-AC kusebenzisa i-charger engaphakathi emotweni ukuguqula i-alternating current evela kugridi ibe i-direct current yebhetri, futhi ngokuvamile kuhamba kancane (Level 1 noma Level 2). Ukushaja ngokushesha nge-DC kudlula i-charger engaphakathi emotweni ngokuphelele, kufake i-DC power ngqo ebhetri ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile 50 kW kuya ku-350 kW. I-BMS ixhumana ne-DC charger ukulawula i-voltage ne-current ngesikhathi sangempela, inika amandla okushaja 20-80% ngesikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu engu-20 kuma-ultra-fast chargers.

Ukubhuleka okuguqulayo kubuyisela emuva umsebenzi wenjini ukuze isebenze njengogesi ngesikhathi sokwehla kwejubane. Lapho umshayeli ephakamisa unyawo ku-accelerator noma efaka amabhuleki, isilawuli senjini siqondisa amandla e-kinetic amasondo ajikelezayo emuva ebhokisini lebhethri njengamandla kagesi. I-EV BMS ibala umsinga wokushaja ofanele umabhethri angawamukela ngesikhathi sokuguqula, futhi le nqubo ingathola kuze kufike ku-30% wamandla e-kinetic emotweni ezimweni zokushayela edolobheni.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Car to grid (V2G) bunika amandla emoto kagesi ukuthi ikhiphe amandla ebhethri yayo ibuyisele kugridi kagesi ngezikhathi zokufunwa okukhulu. Lokhu kugeleza kwezindlela ezimbili kuguqula izimoto ze-EV ezimile zibe izimpahla zokugcina amandla ezisabalalisiwe ezingasiza izinkampani zikagesi ukulinganisa ukunikezwa nokufunwa. I-V2G idinga ihadiwe ekhethekile yokushaja emotweni, amandla athuthukile e-BMS, kanye namaphrothokholi okuxhumana kwe-smart grid ukuze kulawulwe imijikelezo eyengeziwe yokushaja nokukhipha ngokuphephile.

Amamotor we-Permanent magnet synchronous (PMSM) ayikhetho ethandwa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi zabagibeli ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu nokusebenza kahle, kodwa ancike kumazibuthe angavamile. Amamotor we-Induction anikeza izindleko eziphansi nokuqina okukhulu ngokusebenza kahle okuncishisiwe kancane, okwenza afanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinesivinini esikhulu. Amamotor we-Axial flux kanye namamotor we-switched reluctance ayizindlela ezintsha ezivelelayo ezinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ekongeni isikhala nokuqina, ngokulandelana.

Ukulawulwa kokushisa kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwebhethri, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, kanye nobubanzi bokuhamba ngokuphelele. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenza kangcono phakathi kuka-20°C no-40°C, futhi ukuchayeka ekushiseni okukhulu noma ekubandeni okukhulu kunganciphisa ububanzi ngama-30% noma ngaphezulu. Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokupholisa ngoketshezi kanye namaphampu okushisa zigcina ibhethri nezinto zikagesi zisezingeni lokushisa elifanele, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ye-BMS ethuthukile evela ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Fujia Power ifaka iziteshi zokuqapha izinga lokushisa ezixhumana nezilawuli zokushisa zangaphandle.

Iyunithi yokulawula ngogesi emotweni (ECU) isebenza njengobuchopho obumaphakathi bohlelo lwezimoto zikagesi, ixhumanisa ukuxhumana phakathi kohlelo lokuphatha ibhetri, isilawuli senjini, indawo yokushaja, kanye nesilawuli sokuphatha ukushisa. Icubungula okokufaka okuvela kuphedali ye-accelerator, izinzwa zamabhuleki, nezibonisi zomshayeli ukuze inikeze ukusebenza okungenazihibe kwe-powertrain. Ama-ECU esimanje asekela izibuyekezo ezingenantambo, avumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bathuthukise ukusebenza kwemoto futhi bangeze izici ezintsha bekude.

Iningi lamabhethri e-EV e-lithium-ion aklanyelwe ukuthi ahlale iminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-15 noma amakhilomitha angu-150,000 kuya kwangu-300,000 ngaphambi kokuba konakale kakhulu. Ukuze unwebe impilo yebhethri, gwema ukushaja ngokugcwele njalo nokushaja ngaphezu kuka-80% ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke, yehlisa ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi kakhulu, futhi sebenzisa ukushaja okuhleliwe ukuze uthuthukise isivinini sokushaja ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa lebhethri nesimo sokushaja. I-BMS ye-EV esezingeni eliphezulu evela kumkhiqizi othembekile njenge-Fujia Power nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekunwebeni impilo yebhethri ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwamaseli okusebenzayo nama-algorithms okuvikela.

Amabhizinisi kufanele ahlole umthamo webhethri nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, uhlobo lwenjini, ubuchwepheshe be-BMS, ukuhambisana nengqalasizinda yokushaja, kanye namandla okuphatha ukushisa. Izibalo zezindleko zobunikazi obuphelele kufanele zifake izindleko zamandla, izidingo zokunakekela, izikhathi zokushintsha amabhethri, kanye nemali engatholakala ezinsizeni ze-V2G. Ukusebenzisana nomkhiqizi onolwazi njenge-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司 onikezela ngezixazululo ezihlanganisiwe ze-BMS nezishaja ezigabeni eziningi zezimoto kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesistimu, ukuphepha, nokukhula kwesikhathi esizayo.